Latest Ovarian Cancer Treatment in India

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries. Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries - each about the size of an almond - produce eggs (ova) as well as the hormones estrogen, progesterone. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen. Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries. 

 Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries — each about the size of an almond — produce eggs (ova) as well as the hormones estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen. At this late stage, ovarian cancer is difficult to treat and is often fatal.

Symptoms of ovarian cancer are not specific to the disease, and they often mimic those of many other more-common conditions, including digestive and bladder problems. When ovarian cancer symptoms are present, they tend to be persistent and worsen with time.

Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

There are no specific symptoms of the ovarian cancer. They are very similar to other diseases like digestive or bladder problems. However, they worsen with time.

It is very important that an early diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer is made for complete treatment of the patient and better quality of life.

Few of the symptoms of Ovarian Cancer may include:

•    Abdominal pressure, fullness, swelling or bloating
•    Pelvic discomfort or pain
•    Persistent indigestion, gas or nausea
•    Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation
•    Changes in bladder habits, including a frequent need to urinate
•    Loss of appetite or quickly feeling full
•    Increased abdominal girth or clothes fitting tighter around your waist
•    A persistent lack of energy
•    Low back pain
  
  Most Advanced & Latest Ovarian Cancer Treatment in India

  Surgical Treatment Approach for Ovarian cancer Treatment in India

  There are mainly 2 types of surgeries involved in treating ovarian cancer.

  • Laparotomy- Gynecologists make large abdominal incisions to remove the ovaries, uterus, Fallopian tubes, surrounding lymph glands, omentum (a fold of fatty tissue) and tumour. It is also named as cytoreductive or debunking surgery.
  • Laparoscopy Assisted Biopsy – A sample of the tumor is excised and examined under a microscope to confirm ovarian cancer and rule out malignancy. Once it’s confirmed, surgeon may decide to remove the uterus (Hysterectomy), Fallopian tubes and ovaries on both sides (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy), fatty tissue that covers the bowels (omentectomy) and/or one or more lymph nodes (lymphadenectomy).

   

  Chemotherapy Treatment Approach For Ovarian Cancer Treatment in India

  It involves the usage of modern cancer drugs that are administered intravenously or orally to kill cancer cells. This reduces the chances of the tumour returning elsewhere in the body.

   

  Radiation therapy Treatment Approach For Ovarian Cancer Treatment in India

  High technology radiation is used after surgery to kill cancer cells without affecting the healthy tissues. It can be delivered either externally or internally. Internal radiation is delivered by implanting a small amount of radioactive material surrounding the cancer. India’s leading cancer hospitals now have some of the world’s most advanced radiation equipment like Novalis, Linac, Gamma Knife and Cyberknife for offering high quality ovarian cancer treatment in India with the best possible treatment outcomes.

Treatment for Brain Tumour in India

What are Brain Tumours and its treatment ?

Brain tumours include all tumours inside the human skull or in the central spinal canal. They are created by an abnormal and uncontrolled cell division usually in the brain itself but also in lymphatic tissue in blood vessels, cranial nerves, brain envelopes, skull, pituitary gland, or pineal gland. Brain tumours may also spread from cancers primarily located in other organs.

Any brain tumour is inherently serious and life threatening because of its invasive and infiltrative character in the limited space of the intracranial cavity. However brain tumours are not invariably fatal, especially lymphomas which are benign or non-cancerous. There are very few best hospitals in India who has best solutions for brain tumour and post complications. Amongst  these hospitals best hospitals are artemis, fortis or BLK Kapur hospital in India. Surgeons are qualified to provide best results.

What are the signs & symptoms of  Brain Tumour?

Brain tumours mainly depend on two factors:
•Elevated intracranial pressure 
• Headaches, vomiting 
• Altered state of consciousness 
• Dilation of the pupil on the side of the lesion 
• Personality or emotional Changes
• Facial paralysis

What are the Causes for Brain Tumour?

The cause of primary brain tumours is unknown. 
• Radiation therapy to the brain, used to treat brain cancers, increases the risk for brain tumours up to 20 or 30 years afterwards.
• Exposure to radiation at work or to power lines, as well as head injuries, smoking, and hormone replacement therapy has NOT been proven to be risk factors.
• The risk of using cell phones is hotly debated. However, most recent studies have found that cell phones, cordless phones, and wireless devices are safe and do not increase the risk.
• Some inherited conditions increase the risk of brain tumours, including neurofibromatosis
• Lymphomas that begin in the brain in people with a weakened immune system are sometimes linked to the Epstein-Barr virus.

How is brain tumors diagnosed ? 

Brain tumors are diagnosed using sophisticated computer technology that images the brain in various ways. Computerized tomography (CT) uses a computer and X-rays to make a picture of the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or spectroscopy (MRS) create a brain image using magnetic fields and radiowaves. Other imaging techniques that may be used to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of a tumor include digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon electron computerized tomography (SPECT). 

In addition to their usefulness at the time of initial diagnosis, these technologies may also allow early detection of a brain tumor recurrence, which facilitates earlier treatment.

Most patients with a brain tumor undergo a biopsy, the surgical removal of a tissue sample from the tumor, either alone or as part of the surgical removal of a tumor. A neuropathologist examines the sample under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis, classify the tumor more specifically by the type of cells it contains, determine how abnormal the

tumor cells are (histologic grade) and determine how quickly it is growing. Subtle but critical differences in cells that the pathologist detects under the microscope are critical in making the correct diagnosis, which is used in determining further testing and appropriate treatment for each patient.

What is the possible Treatment for Brain Tumour in India? 

Early treatment or surgery often improves the chance of a good outcome. The goals of treatment may be to cure the tumour, relieve symptoms, and improve brain function or comfort. Treatment can involve surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy respectively by surgeon.

Best Prostate Cancer Hospital in India

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer found in men, and the second leading cause of men's cancer deaths. Given those rates, it would seem like a screening test that can catch the disease early would be a major boon to medical care.  However, it hasn't been that simple.

The PSA test is a blood test that looks for a specific protein that is only produced by the prostate. The higher the levels of PSA, the more likely the person has prostate cancer.  If someone is found to have an elevated level, they are often recommended to have a biopsy taken from their prostate. This involves inserting 12 needles into the prostate using an ultrasound and taking a random sampling of tissue.  It seemed as though it would be the answer to help us identify earlier cancers .Before the PSA test, being diagnosed with prostate cancer was almost a death sentence. Now, 16 percent of men are diagnosed, but only 3 percent succumb to the disease. 

The problem is that the majority of tumors are not significant enough to warrant treatment. One study suggested that 40 percent of men who receive a positive test result have a cancer too slow-growing to be deadly. The biopsies, radiation, surgery and other treatments can cause serious side effects, including impotence, incontinence and other complications -- even death.

Unlike pancreatic cancer or lung cancer, as the statistics show, many of these [prostate] cancers are not significant. They would be best not diagnosed. Previously, men over the age of 75 were advised not to get the test.

However, some experts believe that the PSA test should still play a role. Without using the blood test, the only method left to check for prostate cancers is a digital rectal exam, when a doctor checks the prostate through the rectum using his or her fingers. Some tumors can be felt, but not others, and they are often discovered too late. doctors need to is “screen smarter.” He suggested still using the PSA test and then repeating it to reconfirm if a high PSA score is detected. Doctors could use an advanced MRI scan to try and locate the tumor, rather than going in blindly for a biopsy.

 

In some cases, a man might not need a biopsy unless their PSA scores keep increasing or they have significant family history. In other instances, the MRI could help guide doctors to get more accurate biopsies.

The goal, he explained, is to “identify those cancers that need to be diagnosed and need to be treated as opposed to all of those insignificant cancers that the current way we are doing things is leading to.

Prostate Cancer Treatment in India at Best Cancer Hospital in India

Best Care for prostate Cancer in India

Indian hospitals provide the best cancer treatments at affordable rates and hence, are gaining a lot of popularity for their superlative care and knowledge. For prostate cancer treatments, they provide comprehensive care, including advanced diagnosis with some of the best treatment options for prostate cancer in India.

Best Cancer Hospital Pancreatic Treatment in India

Pancreatic cancer is one of the worst cancers which affect the human body. It is difficult to detect early, and treatment failures are common. So it is easy to acknowledge the gloomy prognosis associated with this disease.

The pancreas

The pancreas is a long leaf shaped organ, almost resembling a flattened obelisk. The broad end is called the head, the tapering point called the tail and the intervening part called the neck and body. It lies transversely in front of the spine in the abdomen. The head end is situated on the right side and the tail on the left, touching the spleen. The common bile duct runs through the head, on its way from the liver to the intestines. The pancreas produces a plethora of digestive enzymes which are secreted into the gut. In addition, it produces the hormone insulin, the lack of which causes diabetes mellitus.

The most common cancer that arises in the pancreas is the adenocarcinoma, which carries the worst prognosis. The main risk factors are smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity and diabetes mellitus. There is also a strong relation to chronic pancreatitis and a family history of cancer. Hence this cancer can be guarded against by lifestyle modifications, such as cessation of smoking, change in drinking habits, regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle.

Signs and symptoms

The initial signs and symptoms of this disease are very nonspecific and emulate everyday troubles like indigestion and acidity. However, cancer of the pancreatic head announces itself comparatively early by blocking the common bile duct and thus causing jaundice, which is initially painless. Hence any painless jaundice should be immediately investigated with an abdominal ultrasound. Cancer of the other parts of the pancreas do not cause jaundice and are consequently diagnosed even later. They usually cause severe abdominal pain spreading to the back, weight loss, vomiting and onset diabetes.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is done by imaging, such as CT scan, MRI, CT guided fine needle biopsy (FNAC) and a blood  test to detect a specific protein called CA 19.9, the level of which is elevated in pancreatic cancer. It is not always possible to do preoperative biopsy or FNAC successfully, and it frequently happens that the surgeon decides to operate on clinical and radiological suspicion alone. During the operation, a frozen section biopsy is used to confirm the disease.

Treatment in India

Upon diagnosis, the fate of the affected person hinges on whether the cancer is limited to the pancreas and, if so, whether it can be surgically removed. Like most other solid cancers, surgery is the keystone to the treatment of this cancer. If the cancer has spread to other distant organs such as the liver, it is in the incurable stage and the average survival of these patients is 6 to 9 months from diagnosis. Anticancer chemotherapy drugs can be used to ameliorate the painful symptoms, but it does not increase survival at this stage. If the cancerous tumour is not limited to the pancreas but has extended to involve surrounding vital structures, then it is inoperable, which means it cannot be surgically removed. These patients are treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which  can give an extended survival of 42 to 60 weeks.

If the tumour is limited to the pancreas and is operable, then surgery carries the best chance of cure. The operation varies according to where the tumour is located. If it is in the head of the pancreas, then the surgery is called a Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy). This is a long and complicated surgery carrying significant chance of post-operative complications and even death, up to 5 per cent.

If successful, it carries a 5 year survival rate of 20 per cent, which means that 20 per cent of patients are likely to live more than 5 years. The average survival of these patients is 19 months. If the tumour is in the mid-part or body of pancreas, it is rarely operable, but sometimes a total pancreatectomy or removal of whole pancreas can be done. For cancers in the tail of the pancreas, a distal pancreatectomy operation with removal of the spleen is done.

Of all the patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, 80 per cent are inoperable at diagnosis. Surgery is also not a guarantee of cure. Thus it is apparent that treatment options for this disease are limited, even when detected relatively early. Research is ongoing to find better options. As of now, it appears that prevention is better than cure, and therein lies the importance of a healthy lifestyle.